add StrongSORT Tacker

This commit is contained in:
Pongsatorn Kanjanasantisak 2025-08-10 01:23:09 +07:00
parent ffc2e99678
commit b7d8b3266f
93 changed files with 20230 additions and 6 deletions

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import numpy as np
from collections import OrderedDict
class TrackState(object):
New = 0
Tracked = 1
Lost = 2
LongLost = 3
Removed = 4
class BaseTrack(object):
_count = 0
track_id = 0
is_activated = False
state = TrackState.New
history = OrderedDict()
features = []
curr_feature = None
score = 0
start_frame = 0
frame_id = 0
time_since_update = 0
# multi-camera
location = (np.inf, np.inf)
@property
def end_frame(self):
return self.frame_id
@staticmethod
def next_id():
BaseTrack._count += 1
return BaseTrack._count
def activate(self, *args):
raise NotImplementedError
def predict(self):
raise NotImplementedError
def update(self, *args, **kwargs):
raise NotImplementedError
def mark_lost(self):
self.state = TrackState.Lost
def mark_long_lost(self):
self.state = TrackState.LongLost
def mark_removed(self):
self.state = TrackState.Removed
@staticmethod
def clear_count():
BaseTrack._count = 0

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import cv2
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
from collections import deque
from trackers.botsort import matching
from trackers.botsort.gmc import GMC
from trackers.botsort.basetrack import BaseTrack, TrackState
from trackers.botsort.kalman_filter import KalmanFilter
# from fast_reid.fast_reid_interfece import FastReIDInterface
from reid_multibackend import ReIDDetectMultiBackend
from ultralytics.yolo.utils.ops import xyxy2xywh, xywh2xyxy
class STrack(BaseTrack):
shared_kalman = KalmanFilter()
def __init__(self, tlwh, score, cls, feat=None, feat_history=50):
# wait activate
self._tlwh = np.asarray(tlwh, dtype=np.float32)
self.kalman_filter = None
self.mean, self.covariance = None, None
self.is_activated = False
self.cls = -1
self.cls_hist = [] # (cls id, freq)
self.update_cls(cls, score)
self.score = score
self.tracklet_len = 0
self.smooth_feat = None
self.curr_feat = None
if feat is not None:
self.update_features(feat)
self.features = deque([], maxlen=feat_history)
self.alpha = 0.9
def update_features(self, feat):
feat /= np.linalg.norm(feat)
self.curr_feat = feat
if self.smooth_feat is None:
self.smooth_feat = feat
else:
self.smooth_feat = self.alpha * self.smooth_feat + (1 - self.alpha) * feat
self.features.append(feat)
self.smooth_feat /= np.linalg.norm(self.smooth_feat)
def update_cls(self, cls, score):
if len(self.cls_hist) > 0:
max_freq = 0
found = False
for c in self.cls_hist:
if cls == c[0]:
c[1] += score
found = True
if c[1] > max_freq:
max_freq = c[1]
self.cls = c[0]
if not found:
self.cls_hist.append([cls, score])
self.cls = cls
else:
self.cls_hist.append([cls, score])
self.cls = cls
def predict(self):
mean_state = self.mean.copy()
if self.state != TrackState.Tracked:
mean_state[6] = 0
mean_state[7] = 0
self.mean, self.covariance = self.kalman_filter.predict(mean_state, self.covariance)
@staticmethod
def multi_predict(stracks):
if len(stracks) > 0:
multi_mean = np.asarray([st.mean.copy() for st in stracks])
multi_covariance = np.asarray([st.covariance for st in stracks])
for i, st in enumerate(stracks):
if st.state != TrackState.Tracked:
multi_mean[i][6] = 0
multi_mean[i][7] = 0
multi_mean, multi_covariance = STrack.shared_kalman.multi_predict(multi_mean, multi_covariance)
for i, (mean, cov) in enumerate(zip(multi_mean, multi_covariance)):
stracks[i].mean = mean
stracks[i].covariance = cov
@staticmethod
def multi_gmc(stracks, H=np.eye(2, 3)):
if len(stracks) > 0:
multi_mean = np.asarray([st.mean.copy() for st in stracks])
multi_covariance = np.asarray([st.covariance for st in stracks])
R = H[:2, :2]
R8x8 = np.kron(np.eye(4, dtype=float), R)
t = H[:2, 2]
for i, (mean, cov) in enumerate(zip(multi_mean, multi_covariance)):
mean = R8x8.dot(mean)
mean[:2] += t
cov = R8x8.dot(cov).dot(R8x8.transpose())
stracks[i].mean = mean
stracks[i].covariance = cov
def activate(self, kalman_filter, frame_id):
"""Start a new tracklet"""
self.kalman_filter = kalman_filter
self.track_id = self.next_id()
self.mean, self.covariance = self.kalman_filter.initiate(self.tlwh_to_xywh(self._tlwh))
self.tracklet_len = 0
self.state = TrackState.Tracked
if frame_id == 1:
self.is_activated = True
self.frame_id = frame_id
self.start_frame = frame_id
def re_activate(self, new_track, frame_id, new_id=False):
self.mean, self.covariance = self.kalman_filter.update(self.mean, self.covariance, self.tlwh_to_xywh(new_track.tlwh))
if new_track.curr_feat is not None:
self.update_features(new_track.curr_feat)
self.tracklet_len = 0
self.state = TrackState.Tracked
self.is_activated = True
self.frame_id = frame_id
if new_id:
self.track_id = self.next_id()
self.score = new_track.score
self.update_cls(new_track.cls, new_track.score)
def update(self, new_track, frame_id):
"""
Update a matched track
:type new_track: STrack
:type frame_id: int
:type update_feature: bool
:return:
"""
self.frame_id = frame_id
self.tracklet_len += 1
new_tlwh = new_track.tlwh
self.mean, self.covariance = self.kalman_filter.update(self.mean, self.covariance, self.tlwh_to_xywh(new_tlwh))
if new_track.curr_feat is not None:
self.update_features(new_track.curr_feat)
self.state = TrackState.Tracked
self.is_activated = True
self.score = new_track.score
self.update_cls(new_track.cls, new_track.score)
@property
def tlwh(self):
"""Get current position in bounding box format `(top left x, top left y,
width, height)`.
"""
if self.mean is None:
return self._tlwh.copy()
ret = self.mean[:4].copy()
ret[:2] -= ret[2:] / 2
return ret
@property
def tlbr(self):
"""Convert bounding box to format `(min x, min y, max x, max y)`, i.e.,
`(top left, bottom right)`.
"""
ret = self.tlwh.copy()
ret[2:] += ret[:2]
return ret
@property
def xywh(self):
"""Convert bounding box to format `(min x, min y, max x, max y)`, i.e.,
`(top left, bottom right)`.
"""
ret = self.tlwh.copy()
ret[:2] += ret[2:] / 2.0
return ret
@staticmethod
def tlwh_to_xyah(tlwh):
"""Convert bounding box to format `(center x, center y, aspect ratio,
height)`, where the aspect ratio is `width / height`.
"""
ret = np.asarray(tlwh).copy()
ret[:2] += ret[2:] / 2
ret[2] /= ret[3]
return ret
@staticmethod
def tlwh_to_xywh(tlwh):
"""Convert bounding box to format `(center x, center y, width,
height)`.
"""
ret = np.asarray(tlwh).copy()
ret[:2] += ret[2:] / 2
return ret
def to_xywh(self):
return self.tlwh_to_xywh(self.tlwh)
@staticmethod
def tlbr_to_tlwh(tlbr):
ret = np.asarray(tlbr).copy()
ret[2:] -= ret[:2]
return ret
@staticmethod
def tlwh_to_tlbr(tlwh):
ret = np.asarray(tlwh).copy()
ret[2:] += ret[:2]
return ret
def __repr__(self):
return 'OT_{}_({}-{})'.format(self.track_id, self.start_frame, self.end_frame)
class BoTSORT(object):
def __init__(self,
model_weights,
device,
fp16,
track_high_thresh:float = 0.45,
new_track_thresh:float = 0.6,
track_buffer:int = 30,
match_thresh:float = 0.8,
proximity_thresh:float = 0.5,
appearance_thresh:float = 0.25,
cmc_method:str = 'sparseOptFlow',
frame_rate=30,
lambda_=0.985
):
self.tracked_stracks = [] # type: list[STrack]
self.lost_stracks = [] # type: list[STrack]
self.removed_stracks = [] # type: list[STrack]
BaseTrack.clear_count()
self.frame_id = 0
self.lambda_ = lambda_
self.track_high_thresh = track_high_thresh
self.new_track_thresh = new_track_thresh
self.buffer_size = int(frame_rate / 30.0 * track_buffer)
self.max_time_lost = self.buffer_size
self.kalman_filter = KalmanFilter()
# ReID module
self.proximity_thresh = proximity_thresh
self.appearance_thresh = appearance_thresh
self.match_thresh = match_thresh
self.model = ReIDDetectMultiBackend(weights=model_weights, device=device, fp16=fp16)
self.gmc = GMC(method=cmc_method, verbose=[None,False])
def update(self, output_results, img):
self.frame_id += 1
activated_starcks = []
refind_stracks = []
lost_stracks = []
removed_stracks = []
xyxys = output_results[:, 0:4]
xywh = xyxy2xywh(xyxys.numpy())
confs = output_results[:, 4]
clss = output_results[:, 5]
classes = clss.numpy()
xyxys = xyxys.numpy()
confs = confs.numpy()
remain_inds = confs > self.track_high_thresh
inds_low = confs > 0.1
inds_high = confs < self.track_high_thresh
inds_second = np.logical_and(inds_low, inds_high)
dets_second = xywh[inds_second]
dets = xywh[remain_inds]
scores_keep = confs[remain_inds]
scores_second = confs[inds_second]
classes_keep = classes[remain_inds]
clss_second = classes[inds_second]
self.height, self.width = img.shape[:2]
'''Extract embeddings '''
features_keep = self._get_features(dets, img)
if len(dets) > 0:
'''Detections'''
detections = [STrack(xyxy, s, c, f.cpu().numpy()) for
(xyxy, s, c, f) in zip(dets, scores_keep, classes_keep, features_keep)]
else:
detections = []
''' Add newly detected tracklets to tracked_stracks'''
unconfirmed = []
tracked_stracks = [] # type: list[STrack]
for track in self.tracked_stracks:
if not track.is_activated:
unconfirmed.append(track)
else:
tracked_stracks.append(track)
''' Step 2: First association, with high score detection boxes'''
strack_pool = joint_stracks(tracked_stracks, self.lost_stracks)
# Predict the current location with KF
STrack.multi_predict(strack_pool)
# Fix camera motion
warp = self.gmc.apply(img, dets)
STrack.multi_gmc(strack_pool, warp)
STrack.multi_gmc(unconfirmed, warp)
# Associate with high score detection boxes
raw_emb_dists = matching.embedding_distance(strack_pool, detections)
dists = matching.fuse_motion(self.kalman_filter, raw_emb_dists, strack_pool, detections, only_position=False, lambda_=self.lambda_)
# ious_dists = matching.iou_distance(strack_pool, detections)
# ious_dists_mask = (ious_dists > self.proximity_thresh)
# ious_dists = matching.fuse_score(ious_dists, detections)
# emb_dists = matching.embedding_distance(strack_pool, detections) / 2.0
# raw_emb_dists = emb_dists.copy()
# emb_dists[emb_dists > self.appearance_thresh] = 1.0
# emb_dists[ious_dists_mask] = 1.0
# dists = np.minimum(ious_dists, emb_dists)
# Popular ReID method (JDE / FairMOT)
# raw_emb_dists = matching.embedding_distance(strack_pool, detections)
# dists = matching.fuse_motion(self.kalman_filter, raw_emb_dists, strack_pool, detections)
# emb_dists = dists
# IoU making ReID
# dists = matching.embedding_distance(strack_pool, detections)
# dists[ious_dists_mask] = 1.0
matches, u_track, u_detection = matching.linear_assignment(dists, thresh=self.match_thresh)
for itracked, idet in matches:
track = strack_pool[itracked]
det = detections[idet]
if track.state == TrackState.Tracked:
track.update(detections[idet], self.frame_id)
activated_starcks.append(track)
else:
track.re_activate(det, self.frame_id, new_id=False)
refind_stracks.append(track)
''' Step 3: Second association, with low score detection boxes'''
# if len(scores):
# inds_high = scores < self.track_high_thresh
# inds_low = scores > self.track_low_thresh
# inds_second = np.logical_and(inds_low, inds_high)
# dets_second = bboxes[inds_second]
# scores_second = scores[inds_second]
# classes_second = classes[inds_second]
# else:
# dets_second = []
# scores_second = []
# classes_second = []
# association the untrack to the low score detections
if len(dets_second) > 0:
'''Detections'''
detections_second = [STrack(STrack.tlbr_to_tlwh(tlbr), s, c) for
(tlbr, s, c) in zip(dets_second, scores_second, clss_second)]
else:
detections_second = []
r_tracked_stracks = [strack_pool[i] for i in u_track if strack_pool[i].state == TrackState.Tracked]
dists = matching.iou_distance(r_tracked_stracks, detections_second)
matches, u_track, u_detection_second = matching.linear_assignment(dists, thresh=0.5)
for itracked, idet in matches:
track = r_tracked_stracks[itracked]
det = detections_second[idet]
if track.state == TrackState.Tracked:
track.update(det, self.frame_id)
activated_starcks.append(track)
else:
track.re_activate(det, self.frame_id, new_id=False)
refind_stracks.append(track)
for it in u_track:
track = r_tracked_stracks[it]
if not track.state == TrackState.Lost:
track.mark_lost()
lost_stracks.append(track)
'''Deal with unconfirmed tracks, usually tracks with only one beginning frame'''
detections = [detections[i] for i in u_detection]
ious_dists = matching.iou_distance(unconfirmed, detections)
ious_dists_mask = (ious_dists > self.proximity_thresh)
ious_dists = matching.fuse_score(ious_dists, detections)
emb_dists = matching.embedding_distance(unconfirmed, detections) / 2.0
raw_emb_dists = emb_dists.copy()
emb_dists[emb_dists > self.appearance_thresh] = 1.0
emb_dists[ious_dists_mask] = 1.0
dists = np.minimum(ious_dists, emb_dists)
matches, u_unconfirmed, u_detection = matching.linear_assignment(dists, thresh=0.7)
for itracked, idet in matches:
unconfirmed[itracked].update(detections[idet], self.frame_id)
activated_starcks.append(unconfirmed[itracked])
for it in u_unconfirmed:
track = unconfirmed[it]
track.mark_removed()
removed_stracks.append(track)
""" Step 4: Init new stracks"""
for inew in u_detection:
track = detections[inew]
if track.score < self.new_track_thresh:
continue
track.activate(self.kalman_filter, self.frame_id)
activated_starcks.append(track)
""" Step 5: Update state"""
for track in self.lost_stracks:
if self.frame_id - track.end_frame > self.max_time_lost:
track.mark_removed()
removed_stracks.append(track)
""" Merge """
self.tracked_stracks = [t for t in self.tracked_stracks if t.state == TrackState.Tracked]
self.tracked_stracks = joint_stracks(self.tracked_stracks, activated_starcks)
self.tracked_stracks = joint_stracks(self.tracked_stracks, refind_stracks)
self.lost_stracks = sub_stracks(self.lost_stracks, self.tracked_stracks)
self.lost_stracks.extend(lost_stracks)
self.lost_stracks = sub_stracks(self.lost_stracks, self.removed_stracks)
self.removed_stracks.extend(removed_stracks)
self.tracked_stracks, self.lost_stracks = remove_duplicate_stracks(self.tracked_stracks, self.lost_stracks)
# output_stracks = [track for track in self.tracked_stracks if track.is_activated]
output_stracks = [track for track in self.tracked_stracks if track.is_activated]
outputs = []
for t in output_stracks:
output= []
tlwh = t.tlwh
tid = t.track_id
tlwh = np.expand_dims(tlwh, axis=0)
xyxy = xywh2xyxy(tlwh)
xyxy = np.squeeze(xyxy, axis=0)
output.extend(xyxy)
output.append(tid)
output.append(t.cls)
output.append(t.score)
outputs.append(output)
return outputs
def _xywh_to_xyxy(self, bbox_xywh):
x, y, w, h = bbox_xywh
x1 = max(int(x - w / 2), 0)
x2 = min(int(x + w / 2), self.width - 1)
y1 = max(int(y - h / 2), 0)
y2 = min(int(y + h / 2), self.height - 1)
return x1, y1, x2, y2
def _get_features(self, bbox_xywh, ori_img):
im_crops = []
for box in bbox_xywh:
x1, y1, x2, y2 = self._xywh_to_xyxy(box)
im = ori_img[y1:y2, x1:x2]
im_crops.append(im)
if im_crops:
features = self.model(im_crops)
else:
features = np.array([])
return features
def joint_stracks(tlista, tlistb):
exists = {}
res = []
for t in tlista:
exists[t.track_id] = 1
res.append(t)
for t in tlistb:
tid = t.track_id
if not exists.get(tid, 0):
exists[tid] = 1
res.append(t)
return res
def sub_stracks(tlista, tlistb):
stracks = {}
for t in tlista:
stracks[t.track_id] = t
for t in tlistb:
tid = t.track_id
if stracks.get(tid, 0):
del stracks[tid]
return list(stracks.values())
def remove_duplicate_stracks(stracksa, stracksb):
pdist = matching.iou_distance(stracksa, stracksb)
pairs = np.where(pdist < 0.15)
dupa, dupb = list(), list()
for p, q in zip(*pairs):
timep = stracksa[p].frame_id - stracksa[p].start_frame
timeq = stracksb[q].frame_id - stracksb[q].start_frame
if timep > timeq:
dupb.append(q)
else:
dupa.append(p)
resa = [t for i, t in enumerate(stracksa) if not i in dupa]
resb = [t for i, t in enumerate(stracksb) if not i in dupb]
return resa, resb

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# Trial number: 232
# HOTA, MOTA, IDF1: [45.31]
botsort:
appearance_thresh: 0.4818211117541298
cmc_method: sparseOptFlow
conf_thres: 0.3501265956918775
frame_rate: 30
lambda_: 0.9896143462366406
match_thresh: 0.22734550911325851
new_track_thresh: 0.21144301345190655
proximity_thresh: 0.5945380911899254
track_buffer: 60
track_high_thresh: 0.33824964456239337

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import cv2
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import copy
import time
class GMC:
def __init__(self, method='sparseOptFlow', downscale=2, verbose=None):
super(GMC, self).__init__()
self.method = method
self.downscale = max(1, int(downscale))
if self.method == 'orb':
self.detector = cv2.FastFeatureDetector_create(20)
self.extractor = cv2.ORB_create()
self.matcher = cv2.BFMatcher(cv2.NORM_HAMMING)
elif self.method == 'sift':
self.detector = cv2.SIFT_create(nOctaveLayers=3, contrastThreshold=0.02, edgeThreshold=20)
self.extractor = cv2.SIFT_create(nOctaveLayers=3, contrastThreshold=0.02, edgeThreshold=20)
self.matcher = cv2.BFMatcher(cv2.NORM_L2)
elif self.method == 'ecc':
number_of_iterations = 5000
termination_eps = 1e-6
self.warp_mode = cv2.MOTION_EUCLIDEAN
self.criteria = (cv2.TERM_CRITERIA_EPS | cv2.TERM_CRITERIA_COUNT, number_of_iterations, termination_eps)
elif self.method == 'sparseOptFlow':
self.feature_params = dict(maxCorners=1000, qualityLevel=0.01, minDistance=1, blockSize=3,
useHarrisDetector=False, k=0.04)
# self.gmc_file = open('GMC_results.txt', 'w')
elif self.method == 'file' or self.method == 'files':
seqName = verbose[0]
ablation = verbose[1]
if ablation:
filePath = r'tracker/GMC_files/MOT17_ablation'
else:
filePath = r'tracker/GMC_files/MOTChallenge'
if '-FRCNN' in seqName:
seqName = seqName[:-6]
elif '-DPM' in seqName:
seqName = seqName[:-4]
elif '-SDP' in seqName:
seqName = seqName[:-4]
self.gmcFile = open(filePath + "/GMC-" + seqName + ".txt", 'r')
if self.gmcFile is None:
raise ValueError("Error: Unable to open GMC file in directory:" + filePath)
elif self.method == 'none' or self.method == 'None':
self.method = 'none'
else:
raise ValueError("Error: Unknown CMC method:" + method)
self.prevFrame = None
self.prevKeyPoints = None
self.prevDescriptors = None
self.initializedFirstFrame = False
def apply(self, raw_frame, detections=None):
if self.method == 'orb' or self.method == 'sift':
return self.applyFeaures(raw_frame, detections)
elif self.method == 'ecc':
return self.applyEcc(raw_frame, detections)
elif self.method == 'sparseOptFlow':
return self.applySparseOptFlow(raw_frame, detections)
elif self.method == 'file':
return self.applyFile(raw_frame, detections)
elif self.method == 'none':
return np.eye(2, 3)
else:
return np.eye(2, 3)
def applyEcc(self, raw_frame, detections=None):
# Initialize
height, width, _ = raw_frame.shape
frame = cv2.cvtColor(raw_frame, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
H = np.eye(2, 3, dtype=np.float32)
# Downscale image (TODO: consider using pyramids)
if self.downscale > 1.0:
frame = cv2.GaussianBlur(frame, (3, 3), 1.5)
frame = cv2.resize(frame, (width // self.downscale, height // self.downscale))
width = width // self.downscale
height = height // self.downscale
# Handle first frame
if not self.initializedFirstFrame:
# Initialize data
self.prevFrame = frame.copy()
# Initialization done
self.initializedFirstFrame = True
return H
# Run the ECC algorithm. The results are stored in warp_matrix.
# (cc, H) = cv2.findTransformECC(self.prevFrame, frame, H, self.warp_mode, self.criteria)
try:
(cc, H) = cv2.findTransformECC(self.prevFrame, frame, H, self.warp_mode, self.criteria, None, 1)
except:
print('Warning: find transform failed. Set warp as identity')
return H
def applyFeaures(self, raw_frame, detections=None):
# Initialize
height, width, _ = raw_frame.shape
frame = cv2.cvtColor(raw_frame, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
H = np.eye(2, 3)
# Downscale image (TODO: consider using pyramids)
if self.downscale > 1.0:
# frame = cv2.GaussianBlur(frame, (3, 3), 1.5)
frame = cv2.resize(frame, (width // self.downscale, height // self.downscale))
width = width // self.downscale
height = height // self.downscale
# find the keypoints
mask = np.zeros_like(frame)
# mask[int(0.05 * height): int(0.95 * height), int(0.05 * width): int(0.95 * width)] = 255
mask[int(0.02 * height): int(0.98 * height), int(0.02 * width): int(0.98 * width)] = 255
if detections is not None:
for det in detections:
tlbr = (det[:4] / self.downscale).astype(np.int_)
mask[tlbr[1]:tlbr[3], tlbr[0]:tlbr[2]] = 0
keypoints = self.detector.detect(frame, mask)
# compute the descriptors
keypoints, descriptors = self.extractor.compute(frame, keypoints)
# Handle first frame
if not self.initializedFirstFrame:
# Initialize data
self.prevFrame = frame.copy()
self.prevKeyPoints = copy.copy(keypoints)
self.prevDescriptors = copy.copy(descriptors)
# Initialization done
self.initializedFirstFrame = True
return H
# Match descriptors.
knnMatches = self.matcher.knnMatch(self.prevDescriptors, descriptors, 2)
# Filtered matches based on smallest spatial distance
matches = []
spatialDistances = []
maxSpatialDistance = 0.25 * np.array([width, height])
# Handle empty matches case
if len(knnMatches) == 0:
# Store to next iteration
self.prevFrame = frame.copy()
self.prevKeyPoints = copy.copy(keypoints)
self.prevDescriptors = copy.copy(descriptors)
return H
for m, n in knnMatches:
if m.distance < 0.9 * n.distance:
prevKeyPointLocation = self.prevKeyPoints[m.queryIdx].pt
currKeyPointLocation = keypoints[m.trainIdx].pt
spatialDistance = (prevKeyPointLocation[0] - currKeyPointLocation[0],
prevKeyPointLocation[1] - currKeyPointLocation[1])
if (np.abs(spatialDistance[0]) < maxSpatialDistance[0]) and \
(np.abs(spatialDistance[1]) < maxSpatialDistance[1]):
spatialDistances.append(spatialDistance)
matches.append(m)
meanSpatialDistances = np.mean(spatialDistances, 0)
stdSpatialDistances = np.std(spatialDistances, 0)
inliesrs = (spatialDistances - meanSpatialDistances) < 2.5 * stdSpatialDistances
goodMatches = []
prevPoints = []
currPoints = []
for i in range(len(matches)):
if inliesrs[i, 0] and inliesrs[i, 1]:
goodMatches.append(matches[i])
prevPoints.append(self.prevKeyPoints[matches[i].queryIdx].pt)
currPoints.append(keypoints[matches[i].trainIdx].pt)
prevPoints = np.array(prevPoints)
currPoints = np.array(currPoints)
# Draw the keypoint matches on the output image
if 0:
matches_img = np.hstack((self.prevFrame, frame))
matches_img = cv2.cvtColor(matches_img, cv2.COLOR_GRAY2BGR)
W = np.size(self.prevFrame, 1)
for m in goodMatches:
prev_pt = np.array(self.prevKeyPoints[m.queryIdx].pt, dtype=np.int_)
curr_pt = np.array(keypoints[m.trainIdx].pt, dtype=np.int_)
curr_pt[0] += W
color = np.random.randint(0, 255, (3,))
color = (int(color[0]), int(color[1]), int(color[2]))
matches_img = cv2.line(matches_img, prev_pt, curr_pt, tuple(color), 1, cv2.LINE_AA)
matches_img = cv2.circle(matches_img, prev_pt, 2, tuple(color), -1)
matches_img = cv2.circle(matches_img, curr_pt, 2, tuple(color), -1)
plt.figure()
plt.imshow(matches_img)
plt.show()
# Find rigid matrix
if (np.size(prevPoints, 0) > 4) and (np.size(prevPoints, 0) == np.size(prevPoints, 0)):
H, inliesrs = cv2.estimateAffinePartial2D(prevPoints, currPoints, cv2.RANSAC)
# Handle downscale
if self.downscale > 1.0:
H[0, 2] *= self.downscale
H[1, 2] *= self.downscale
else:
print('Warning: not enough matching points')
# Store to next iteration
self.prevFrame = frame.copy()
self.prevKeyPoints = copy.copy(keypoints)
self.prevDescriptors = copy.copy(descriptors)
return H
def applySparseOptFlow(self, raw_frame, detections=None):
t0 = time.time()
# Initialize
height, width, _ = raw_frame.shape
frame = cv2.cvtColor(raw_frame, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
H = np.eye(2, 3)
# Downscale image
if self.downscale > 1.0:
# frame = cv2.GaussianBlur(frame, (3, 3), 1.5)
frame = cv2.resize(frame, (width // self.downscale, height // self.downscale))
# find the keypoints
keypoints = cv2.goodFeaturesToTrack(frame, mask=None, **self.feature_params)
# Handle first frame
if not self.initializedFirstFrame:
# Initialize data
self.prevFrame = frame.copy()
self.prevKeyPoints = copy.copy(keypoints)
# Initialization done
self.initializedFirstFrame = True
return H
# find correspondences
matchedKeypoints, status, err = cv2.calcOpticalFlowPyrLK(self.prevFrame, frame, self.prevKeyPoints, None)
# leave good correspondences only
prevPoints = []
currPoints = []
for i in range(len(status)):
if status[i]:
prevPoints.append(self.prevKeyPoints[i])
currPoints.append(matchedKeypoints[i])
prevPoints = np.array(prevPoints)
currPoints = np.array(currPoints)
# Find rigid matrix
if (np.size(prevPoints, 0) > 4) and (np.size(prevPoints, 0) == np.size(prevPoints, 0)):
H, inliesrs = cv2.estimateAffinePartial2D(prevPoints, currPoints, cv2.RANSAC)
# Handle downscale
if self.downscale > 1.0:
H[0, 2] *= self.downscale
H[1, 2] *= self.downscale
else:
print('Warning: not enough matching points')
# Store to next iteration
self.prevFrame = frame.copy()
self.prevKeyPoints = copy.copy(keypoints)
t1 = time.time()
# gmc_line = str(1000 * (t1 - t0)) + "\t" + str(H[0, 0]) + "\t" + str(H[0, 1]) + "\t" + str(
# H[0, 2]) + "\t" + str(H[1, 0]) + "\t" + str(H[1, 1]) + "\t" + str(H[1, 2]) + "\n"
# self.gmc_file.write(gmc_line)
return H
def applyFile(self, raw_frame, detections=None):
line = self.gmcFile.readline()
tokens = line.split("\t")
H = np.eye(2, 3, dtype=np.float_)
H[0, 0] = float(tokens[1])
H[0, 1] = float(tokens[2])
H[0, 2] = float(tokens[3])
H[1, 0] = float(tokens[4])
H[1, 1] = float(tokens[5])
H[1, 2] = float(tokens[6])
return H

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# vim: expandtab:ts=4:sw=4
import numpy as np
import scipy.linalg
"""
Table for the 0.95 quantile of the chi-square distribution with N degrees of
freedom (contains values for N=1, ..., 9). Taken from MATLAB/Octave's chi2inv
function and used as Mahalanobis gating threshold.
"""
chi2inv95 = {
1: 3.8415,
2: 5.9915,
3: 7.8147,
4: 9.4877,
5: 11.070,
6: 12.592,
7: 14.067,
8: 15.507,
9: 16.919}
class KalmanFilter(object):
"""
A simple Kalman filter for tracking bounding boxes in image space.
The 8-dimensional state space
x, y, w, h, vx, vy, vw, vh
contains the bounding box center position (x, y), width w, height h,
and their respective velocities.
Object motion follows a constant velocity model. The bounding box location
(x, y, w, h) is taken as direct observation of the state space (linear
observation model).
"""
def __init__(self):
ndim, dt = 4, 1.
# Create Kalman filter model matrices.
self._motion_mat = np.eye(2 * ndim, 2 * ndim)
for i in range(ndim):
self._motion_mat[i, ndim + i] = dt
self._update_mat = np.eye(ndim, 2 * ndim)
# Motion and observation uncertainty are chosen relative to the current
# state estimate. These weights control the amount of uncertainty in
# the model. This is a bit hacky.
self._std_weight_position = 1. / 20
self._std_weight_velocity = 1. / 160
def initiate(self, measurement):
"""Create track from unassociated measurement.
Parameters
----------
measurement : ndarray
Bounding box coordinates (x, y, w, h) with center position (x, y),
width w, and height h.
Returns
-------
(ndarray, ndarray)
Returns the mean vector (8 dimensional) and covariance matrix (8x8
dimensional) of the new track. Unobserved velocities are initialized
to 0 mean.
"""
mean_pos = measurement
mean_vel = np.zeros_like(mean_pos)
mean = np.r_[mean_pos, mean_vel]
std = [
2 * self._std_weight_position * measurement[2],
2 * self._std_weight_position * measurement[3],
2 * self._std_weight_position * measurement[2],
2 * self._std_weight_position * measurement[3],
10 * self._std_weight_velocity * measurement[2],
10 * self._std_weight_velocity * measurement[3],
10 * self._std_weight_velocity * measurement[2],
10 * self._std_weight_velocity * measurement[3]]
covariance = np.diag(np.square(std))
return mean, covariance
def predict(self, mean, covariance):
"""Run Kalman filter prediction step.
Parameters
----------
mean : ndarray
The 8 dimensional mean vector of the object state at the previous
time step.
covariance : ndarray
The 8x8 dimensional covariance matrix of the object state at the
previous time step.
Returns
-------
(ndarray, ndarray)
Returns the mean vector and covariance matrix of the predicted
state. Unobserved velocities are initialized to 0 mean.
"""
std_pos = [
self._std_weight_position * mean[2],
self._std_weight_position * mean[3],
self._std_weight_position * mean[2],
self._std_weight_position * mean[3]]
std_vel = [
self._std_weight_velocity * mean[2],
self._std_weight_velocity * mean[3],
self._std_weight_velocity * mean[2],
self._std_weight_velocity * mean[3]]
motion_cov = np.diag(np.square(np.r_[std_pos, std_vel]))
mean = np.dot(mean, self._motion_mat.T)
covariance = np.linalg.multi_dot((
self._motion_mat, covariance, self._motion_mat.T)) + motion_cov
return mean, covariance
def project(self, mean, covariance):
"""Project state distribution to measurement space.
Parameters
----------
mean : ndarray
The state's mean vector (8 dimensional array).
covariance : ndarray
The state's covariance matrix (8x8 dimensional).
Returns
-------
(ndarray, ndarray)
Returns the projected mean and covariance matrix of the given state
estimate.
"""
std = [
self._std_weight_position * mean[2],
self._std_weight_position * mean[3],
self._std_weight_position * mean[2],
self._std_weight_position * mean[3]]
innovation_cov = np.diag(np.square(std))
mean = np.dot(self._update_mat, mean)
covariance = np.linalg.multi_dot((
self._update_mat, covariance, self._update_mat.T))
return mean, covariance + innovation_cov
def multi_predict(self, mean, covariance):
"""Run Kalman filter prediction step (Vectorized version).
Parameters
----------
mean : ndarray
The Nx8 dimensional mean matrix of the object states at the previous
time step.
covariance : ndarray
The Nx8x8 dimensional covariance matrics of the object states at the
previous time step.
Returns
-------
(ndarray, ndarray)
Returns the mean vector and covariance matrix of the predicted
state. Unobserved velocities are initialized to 0 mean.
"""
std_pos = [
self._std_weight_position * mean[:, 2],
self._std_weight_position * mean[:, 3],
self._std_weight_position * mean[:, 2],
self._std_weight_position * mean[:, 3]]
std_vel = [
self._std_weight_velocity * mean[:, 2],
self._std_weight_velocity * mean[:, 3],
self._std_weight_velocity * mean[:, 2],
self._std_weight_velocity * mean[:, 3]]
sqr = np.square(np.r_[std_pos, std_vel]).T
motion_cov = []
for i in range(len(mean)):
motion_cov.append(np.diag(sqr[i]))
motion_cov = np.asarray(motion_cov)
mean = np.dot(mean, self._motion_mat.T)
left = np.dot(self._motion_mat, covariance).transpose((1, 0, 2))
covariance = np.dot(left, self._motion_mat.T) + motion_cov
return mean, covariance
def update(self, mean, covariance, measurement):
"""Run Kalman filter correction step.
Parameters
----------
mean : ndarray
The predicted state's mean vector (8 dimensional).
covariance : ndarray
The state's covariance matrix (8x8 dimensional).
measurement : ndarray
The 4 dimensional measurement vector (x, y, w, h), where (x, y)
is the center position, w the width, and h the height of the
bounding box.
Returns
-------
(ndarray, ndarray)
Returns the measurement-corrected state distribution.
"""
projected_mean, projected_cov = self.project(mean, covariance)
chol_factor, lower = scipy.linalg.cho_factor(
projected_cov, lower=True, check_finite=False)
kalman_gain = scipy.linalg.cho_solve(
(chol_factor, lower), np.dot(covariance, self._update_mat.T).T,
check_finite=False).T
innovation = measurement - projected_mean
new_mean = mean + np.dot(innovation, kalman_gain.T)
new_covariance = covariance - np.linalg.multi_dot((
kalman_gain, projected_cov, kalman_gain.T))
return new_mean, new_covariance
def gating_distance(self, mean, covariance, measurements,
only_position=False, metric='maha'):
"""Compute gating distance between state distribution and measurements.
A suitable distance threshold can be obtained from `chi2inv95`. If
`only_position` is False, the chi-square distribution has 4 degrees of
freedom, otherwise 2.
Parameters
----------
mean : ndarray
Mean vector over the state distribution (8 dimensional).
covariance : ndarray
Covariance of the state distribution (8x8 dimensional).
measurements : ndarray
An Nx4 dimensional matrix of N measurements, each in
format (x, y, a, h) where (x, y) is the bounding box center
position, a the aspect ratio, and h the height.
only_position : Optional[bool]
If True, distance computation is done with respect to the bounding
box center position only.
Returns
-------
ndarray
Returns an array of length N, where the i-th element contains the
squared Mahalanobis distance between (mean, covariance) and
`measurements[i]`.
"""
mean, covariance = self.project(mean, covariance)
if only_position:
mean, covariance = mean[:2], covariance[:2, :2]
measurements = measurements[:, :2]
d = measurements - mean
if metric == 'gaussian':
return np.sum(d * d, axis=1)
elif metric == 'maha':
cholesky_factor = np.linalg.cholesky(covariance)
z = scipy.linalg.solve_triangular(
cholesky_factor, d.T, lower=True, check_finite=False,
overwrite_b=True)
squared_maha = np.sum(z * z, axis=0)
return squared_maha
else:
raise ValueError('invalid distance metric')

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import numpy as np
import scipy
import lap
from scipy.spatial.distance import cdist
from trackers.botsort import kalman_filter
def merge_matches(m1, m2, shape):
O,P,Q = shape
m1 = np.asarray(m1)
m2 = np.asarray(m2)
M1 = scipy.sparse.coo_matrix((np.ones(len(m1)), (m1[:, 0], m1[:, 1])), shape=(O, P))
M2 = scipy.sparse.coo_matrix((np.ones(len(m2)), (m2[:, 0], m2[:, 1])), shape=(P, Q))
mask = M1*M2
match = mask.nonzero()
match = list(zip(match[0], match[1]))
unmatched_O = tuple(set(range(O)) - set([i for i, j in match]))
unmatched_Q = tuple(set(range(Q)) - set([j for i, j in match]))
return match, unmatched_O, unmatched_Q
def _indices_to_matches(cost_matrix, indices, thresh):
matched_cost = cost_matrix[tuple(zip(*indices))]
matched_mask = (matched_cost <= thresh)
matches = indices[matched_mask]
unmatched_a = tuple(set(range(cost_matrix.shape[0])) - set(matches[:, 0]))
unmatched_b = tuple(set(range(cost_matrix.shape[1])) - set(matches[:, 1]))
return matches, unmatched_a, unmatched_b
def linear_assignment(cost_matrix, thresh):
if cost_matrix.size == 0:
return np.empty((0, 2), dtype=int), tuple(range(cost_matrix.shape[0])), tuple(range(cost_matrix.shape[1]))
matches, unmatched_a, unmatched_b = [], [], []
cost, x, y = lap.lapjv(cost_matrix, extend_cost=True, cost_limit=thresh)
for ix, mx in enumerate(x):
if mx >= 0:
matches.append([ix, mx])
unmatched_a = np.where(x < 0)[0]
unmatched_b = np.where(y < 0)[0]
matches = np.asarray(matches)
return matches, unmatched_a, unmatched_b
def ious(atlbrs, btlbrs):
"""
Compute cost based on IoU
:type atlbrs: list[tlbr] | np.ndarray
:type atlbrs: list[tlbr] | np.ndarray
:rtype ious np.ndarray
"""
ious = np.zeros((len(atlbrs), len(btlbrs)), dtype=np.float32)
if ious.size == 0:
return ious
ious = bbox_ious(
np.ascontiguousarray(atlbrs, dtype=np.float32),
np.ascontiguousarray(btlbrs, dtype=np.float32)
)
return ious
def tlbr_expand(tlbr, scale=1.2):
w = tlbr[2] - tlbr[0]
h = tlbr[3] - tlbr[1]
half_scale = 0.5 * scale
tlbr[0] -= half_scale * w
tlbr[1] -= half_scale * h
tlbr[2] += half_scale * w
tlbr[3] += half_scale * h
return tlbr
def iou_distance(atracks, btracks):
"""
Compute cost based on IoU
:type atracks: list[STrack]
:type btracks: list[STrack]
:rtype cost_matrix np.ndarray
"""
if (len(atracks)>0 and isinstance(atracks[0], np.ndarray)) or (len(btracks) > 0 and isinstance(btracks[0], np.ndarray)):
atlbrs = atracks
btlbrs = btracks
else:
atlbrs = [track.tlbr for track in atracks]
btlbrs = [track.tlbr for track in btracks]
_ious = ious(atlbrs, btlbrs)
cost_matrix = 1 - _ious
return cost_matrix
def v_iou_distance(atracks, btracks):
"""
Compute cost based on IoU
:type atracks: list[STrack]
:type btracks: list[STrack]
:rtype cost_matrix np.ndarray
"""
if (len(atracks)>0 and isinstance(atracks[0], np.ndarray)) or (len(btracks) > 0 and isinstance(btracks[0], np.ndarray)):
atlbrs = atracks
btlbrs = btracks
else:
atlbrs = [track.tlwh_to_tlbr(track.pred_bbox) for track in atracks]
btlbrs = [track.tlwh_to_tlbr(track.pred_bbox) for track in btracks]
_ious = ious(atlbrs, btlbrs)
cost_matrix = 1 - _ious
return cost_matrix
def embedding_distance(tracks, detections, metric='cosine'):
"""
:param tracks: list[STrack]
:param detections: list[BaseTrack]
:param metric:
:return: cost_matrix np.ndarray
"""
cost_matrix = np.zeros((len(tracks), len(detections)), dtype=np.float32)
if cost_matrix.size == 0:
return cost_matrix
det_features = np.asarray([track.curr_feat for track in detections], dtype=np.float32)
track_features = np.asarray([track.smooth_feat for track in tracks], dtype=np.float32)
cost_matrix = np.maximum(0.0, cdist(track_features, det_features, metric)) # / 2.0 # Nomalized features
return cost_matrix
def gate_cost_matrix(kf, cost_matrix, tracks, detections, only_position=False):
if cost_matrix.size == 0:
return cost_matrix
gating_dim = 2 if only_position else 4
gating_threshold = kalman_filter.chi2inv95[gating_dim]
# measurements = np.asarray([det.to_xyah() for det in detections])
measurements = np.asarray([det.to_xywh() for det in detections])
for row, track in enumerate(tracks):
gating_distance = kf.gating_distance(
track.mean, track.covariance, measurements, only_position)
cost_matrix[row, gating_distance > gating_threshold] = np.inf
return cost_matrix
def fuse_motion(kf, cost_matrix, tracks, detections, only_position=False, lambda_=0.98):
if cost_matrix.size == 0:
return cost_matrix
gating_dim = 2 if only_position else 4
gating_threshold = kalman_filter.chi2inv95[gating_dim]
# measurements = np.asarray([det.to_xyah() for det in detections])
measurements = np.asarray([det.to_xywh() for det in detections])
for row, track in enumerate(tracks):
gating_distance = kf.gating_distance(
track.mean, track.covariance, measurements, only_position, metric='maha')
cost_matrix[row, gating_distance > gating_threshold] = np.inf
cost_matrix[row] = lambda_ * cost_matrix[row] + (1 - lambda_) * gating_distance
return cost_matrix
def fuse_iou(cost_matrix, tracks, detections):
if cost_matrix.size == 0:
return cost_matrix
reid_sim = 1 - cost_matrix
iou_dist = iou_distance(tracks, detections)
iou_sim = 1 - iou_dist
fuse_sim = reid_sim * (1 + iou_sim) / 2
det_scores = np.array([det.score for det in detections])
det_scores = np.expand_dims(det_scores, axis=0).repeat(cost_matrix.shape[0], axis=0)
#fuse_sim = fuse_sim * (1 + det_scores) / 2
fuse_cost = 1 - fuse_sim
return fuse_cost
def fuse_score(cost_matrix, detections):
if cost_matrix.size == 0:
return cost_matrix
iou_sim = 1 - cost_matrix
det_scores = np.array([det.score for det in detections])
det_scores = np.expand_dims(det_scores, axis=0).repeat(cost_matrix.shape[0], axis=0)
fuse_sim = iou_sim * det_scores
fuse_cost = 1 - fuse_sim
return fuse_cost
def bbox_ious(boxes, query_boxes):
"""
Parameters
----------
boxes: (N, 4) ndarray of float
query_boxes: (K, 4) ndarray of float
Returns
-------
overlaps: (N, K) ndarray of overlap between boxes and query_boxes
"""
N = boxes.shape[0]
K = query_boxes.shape[0]
overlaps = np.zeros((N, K), dtype=np.float32)
for k in range(K):
box_area = (
(query_boxes[k, 2] - query_boxes[k, 0] + 1) *
(query_boxes[k, 3] - query_boxes[k, 1] + 1)
)
for n in range(N):
iw = (
min(boxes[n, 2], query_boxes[k, 2]) -
max(boxes[n, 0], query_boxes[k, 0]) + 1
)
if iw > 0:
ih = (
min(boxes[n, 3], query_boxes[k, 3]) -
max(boxes[n, 1], query_boxes[k, 1]) + 1
)
if ih > 0:
ua = float(
(boxes[n, 2] - boxes[n, 0] + 1) *
(boxes[n, 3] - boxes[n, 1] + 1) +
box_area - iw * ih
)
overlaps[n, k] = iw * ih / ua
return overlaps